Western pharmacological agents

  • Berberine HCl

    AMPK activator with metformin-comparable effect; GLP-1 modulator with documented effect on visceral adiposity.

    tier 1
  • Yohimbine HCl

    α2-adrenergic receptor antagonist; selective lipolytic effect on high-α2-density depots.

    tier 1
  • Forskolin

    Direct activator of adenylyl cyclase, raising cAMP without receptor mediation.

    tier 2
  • Synephrine (Bitter Orange)

    β3-adrenergic agonist with selectivity for adipose-resident receptors.

    tier 2

Stimulants and methylxanthines

  • Caffeine

    Phosphodiesterase inhibitor; extends cAMP half-life, indirectly amplifying adrenergic signal.

    tier 1
  • EGCG (Green Tea Extract)

    Catechol-O-methyltransferase inhibitor; extends catecholamine half-life.

    tier 1
  • Capsaicin

    TRPV1 agonist; thermogenic via sympathetic nervous system activation and brown adipose recruitment.

    tier 3

Cofactors and transporters

Bile and hepatic support

  • TUDCA

    Hydrophilic bile acid; supports hepatic bile flow, mitochondrial protective.

    tier 2
  • Ox Bile

    Exogenous bile acid replacement; supports lipid emulsification.

    tier 3
  • Silymarin (Milk Thistle)

    Hepatoprotective; supports glutathione synthesis and Phase II conjugation.

    tier 2
  • Artichoke Extract

    Choleretic; stimulates bile production and flow at the canalicular membrane.

    tier 3

Soluble fiber and binders

  • Psyllium Husk

    Soluble fiber; binds bile acids in the intestinal lumen.

    tier 2
  • Glucomannan

    Konjac-derived viscous fiber; pre-meal satiety and glycemic blunting.

    tier 3

Diuretics and electrolyte support

TCM — phlegm transformation

TCM — fat and food stagnation

TCM — damp drainage

TCM — spleen tonification (Restore phase)